melody.h

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/*
Copyright (c) 2026 MrXie1109
 
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.
*/
 
#pragma once
#include <windows.h>
#include <mmsystem.h>
#include <thread>
 
#ifdef _WIN32
#ifndef CONSOLE_IGNORE_ADVICE
#pragma message("Remember to link against winmm library (e.g., -lwinmm or winmm.lib)")
#pragma message("Define 'CONSOLE_IGNORE_ADVICE' for ignore it")
#endif
#else
#error "Unsupported platform"
#endif
 
namespace console
{
    enum class Instrument : unsigned char
    {
        AcousticGrandPiano = 0,   
        BrightAcousticPiano = 1,  
        ElectricGrandPiano = 2,   
        HonkyTonkPiano = 3,       
        ElectricPiano1 = 4,       
        ElectricPiano2 = 5,       
        Harpsichord = 6,          
        Clavinet = 7,             
        Celesta = 8,              
        Glockenspiel = 9,         
        MusicBox = 10,            
        Vibraphone = 11,          
        Marimba = 12,             
        Xylophone = 13,           
        TubularBells = 14,        
        Dulcimer = 15,            
        DrawbarOrgan = 16,        
        PercussiveOrgan = 17,     
        RockOrgan = 18,           
        ChurchOrgan = 19,         
        ReedOrgan = 20,           
        Accordion = 21,           
        Harmonica = 22,           
        TangoAccordion = 23,      
        AcousticGuitarNylon = 24, 
        AcousticGuitarSteel = 25, 
        ElectricGuitarJazz = 26,  
        ElectricGuitarClean = 27, 
        ElectricGuitarMuted = 28, 
        OverdrivenGuitar = 29,    
        DistortionGuitar = 30,    
        GuitarHarmonics = 31,     
        AcousticBass = 32,        
        ElectricBassFinger = 33,  
        ElectricBassPick = 34,    
        FretlessBass = 35,        
        SlapBass1 = 36,           
        SlapBass2 = 37,           
        SynthBass1 = 38,          
        SynthBass2 = 39,          
        Violin = 40,              
        Viola = 41,               
        Cello = 42,               
        Contrabass = 43,          
        TremoloStrings = 44,      
        PizzicatoStrings = 45,    
        OrchestralHarp = 46,      
        Timpani = 47,             
        StringEnsemble1 = 48,     
        StringEnsemble2 = 49,     
        SynthStrings1 = 50,       
        SynthStrings2 = 51,       
        ChoirAahs = 52,           
        VoiceOohs = 53,           
        SynthVoice = 54,          
        OrchestraHit = 55,        
        Trumpet = 56,             
        Trombone = 57,            
        Tuba = 58,                
        MutedTrumpet = 59,        
        FrenchHorn = 60,          
        BrassSection = 61,        
        SynthBrass1 = 62,         
        SynthBrass2 = 63,         
        SopranoSax = 64,          
        AltoSax = 65,             
        TenorSax = 66,            
        BaritoneSax = 67,         
        Oboe = 68,                
        EnglishHorn = 69,         
        Bassoon = 70,             
        Clarinet = 71,            
        Piccolo = 72,             
        Flute = 73,               
        Recorder = 74,            
        PanFlute = 75,            
        BlownBottle = 76,         
        Shakuhachi = 77,          
        Whistle = 78,             
        Ocarina = 79,             
        Lead1Square = 80,         
        Lead2Sawtooth = 81,       
        Lead3Calliope = 82,       
        Lead4Chiff = 83,          
        Lead5Charang = 84,        
        Lead6Voice = 85,          
        Lead7Fifths = 86,         
        Lead8BassLead = 87,       
        Pad1NewAge = 88,          
        Pad2Warm = 89,            
        Pad3Polysynth = 90,       
        Pad4Choir = 91,           
        Pad5Bowed = 92,           
        Pad6Metallic = 93,        
        Pad7Halo = 94,            
        Pad8Sweep = 95,           
        Fx1Rain = 96,             
        Fx2Soundtrack = 97,       
        Fx3Crystal = 98,          
        Fx4Atmosphere = 99,       
        Fx5Brightness = 100,      
        Fx6Goblins = 101,         
        Fx7Echoes = 102,          
        Fx8SciFi = 103,           
        Sitar = 104,              
        Banjo = 105,              
        Shamisen = 106,           
        Koto = 107,               
        Kalimba = 108,            
        Bagpipe = 109,            
        Fiddle = 110,             
        Shanai = 111,             
        TinkleBell = 112,         
        Agogo = 113,              
        SteelDrums = 114,         
        Woodblock = 115,          
        TaikoDrum = 116,          
        MelodicTom = 117,         
        SynthDrum = 118,          
        ReverseCymbal = 119,      
        GuitarFretNoise = 120,    
        BreathNoise = 121,        
        Seashore = 122,           
        BirdTweet = 123,          
        TelephoneRing = 124,      
        Helicopter = 125,         
        Applause = 126,           
        Gunshot = 127             
    };

    namespace pitches
    {
        const int C0 = 12, D0 = 14, E0 = 16, F0 = 17, G0 = 19, A0 = 21, B0 = 23;
        const int C1 = 24, D1 = 26, E1 = 28, F1 = 29, G1 = 31, A1 = 33, B1 = 35;
        const int C2 = 36, D2 = 38, E2 = 40, F2 = 41, G2 = 43, A2 = 45, B2 = 47;
        const int C3 = 48, D3 = 50, E3 = 52, F3 = 53, G3 = 55, A3 = 57, B3 = 59;
        const int C4 = 60, D4 = 62, E4 = 64, F4 = 65, G4 = 67, A4 = 69, B4 = 71;
        const int C5 = 72, D5 = 74, E5 = 76, F5 = 77, G5 = 79, A5 = 81, B5 = 83;
        const int C6 = 84, D6 = 86, E6 = 88, F6 = 89, G6 = 91, A6 = 93, B6 = 95;
        const int C7 = 96, D7 = 98, E7 = 100, F7 = 101, G7 = 103, A7 = 105, B7 = 107;
        const int C8 = 108, D8 = 110, E8 = 112, F8 = 113, G8 = 115, A8 = 117, B8 = 119;
        const int C9 = 120, D9 = 122, E9 = 124, F9 = 125, G9 = 127;

        const int Cs0 = 13, Ds0 = 15, Fs0 = 18, Gs0 = 20, As0 = 22;
        const int Cs1 = 25, Ds1 = 27, Fs1 = 30, Gs1 = 32, As1 = 34;
        const int Cs2 = 37, Ds2 = 39, Fs2 = 42, Gs2 = 44, As2 = 46;
        const int Cs3 = 49, Ds3 = 51, Fs3 = 54, Gs3 = 56, As3 = 58;
        const int Cs4 = 61, Ds4 = 63, Fs4 = 66, Gs4 = 68, As4 = 70;
        const int Cs5 = 73, Ds5 = 75, Fs5 = 78, Gs5 = 80, As5 = 82;
        const int Cs6 = 85, Ds6 = 87, Fs6 = 90, Gs6 = 92, As6 = 94;
        const int Cs7 = 97, Ds7 = 99, Fs7 = 102, Gs7 = 104, As7 = 106;
        const int Cs8 = 109, Ds8 = 111, Fs8 = 114, Gs8 = 116, As8 = 118;
        const int Cs9 = 121, Ds9 = 123, Fs9 = 126;

        const int REST = -1;
    }

    struct Note
    {
        signed char pitch;  
        double beats;       
        signed char volume; 

        Note(signed char p = 60, double b = 1, signed char v = -1)
            : pitch(p), beats(b), volume(v) {}
    };

    class MIDI
    {
        HMIDIOUT handle;       
        unsigned char bpm;     
        unsigned char volume;  
        Instrument instrument; 
 
    public:
        MIDI(Instrument instrument = Instrument::AcousticGrandPiano,
             unsigned char bpm = 120,
             unsigned char volume = 100,
             unsigned deviceID = 0)
            : bpm(bpm), volume(volume), instrument(instrument)
        {
            HMIDIOUT h = nullptr;
            if (midiOutOpen(&h, deviceID, 0, 0, CALLBACK_NULL) == MMSYSERR_NOERROR)
            {
                handle = h;
                DWORD program_change = 0xC0 | ((unsigned char)(instrument) << 8);
                midiOutShortMsg(handle, program_change);
                DWORD volume_change = 0xB0 | (0x07 << 8) | (volume << 16);
                midiOutShortMsg(handle, volume_change);
            }
            else
                handle = nullptr;
        }

        MIDI(const MIDI &) = delete;
        MIDI(MIDI &&midi) = delete;
        const MIDI &operator=(const MIDI &) = delete;
        const MIDI &operator=(MIDI &&) = delete;

        ~MIDI() noexcept
        {
            if (handle)
                midiOutClose(handle);
        }

        unsigned char get_bpm() const { return bpm; }
        void set_bpm(unsigned char new_bpm) { bpm = new_bpm; }

        Instrument get_instrument() { return instrument; }
        void set_instrument(Instrument new_instrument)
        {
            instrument = new_instrument;
            if (!handle)
                return;
            DWORD program_change = 0xC0 | ((unsigned char)(new_instrument) << 8);
            midiOutShortMsg(handle, program_change);
        }

        unsigned char get_volume() const { return volume; }
        void set_volume(unsigned char vol)
        {
            volume = vol;
            if (!handle)
                return;
            DWORD volume_change = 0xB0 | (0x07 << 8) | (vol << 16);
            midiOutShortMsg(handle, volume_change);
        }


        void play(Note note)
        {
            if (!handle)
                return;
            if (note.pitch != -1)
            {
                DWORD note_on = 0x90 | (note.pitch << 8) |
                                ((note.volume == -1
                                      ? volume
                                      : note.volume)
                                 << 16);
                midiOutShortMsg(handle, note_on);
                Sleep(60000 * note.beats / bpm);
                DWORD note_off = 0x80 | (note.pitch << 8) | (64 << 16);
                midiOutShortMsg(handle, note_off);
            }
            else
                Sleep(60000 * note.beats / bpm);
        }

        void nplay(Note note)
        {
            std::thread([this, note]()
                        { play(note); })
                .detach();
        }

        template <class Iter>
        void play(Iter begin, Iter end)
        {
            for (; begin != end; ++begin)
                play(*begin);
        }

        template <class Iter>
        void nplay(Iter begin, Iter end)
        {
            std::thread([=]()
                        { play(begin, end); })
                .detach();
        }
    };
}